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1.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 38(1): 1-8, jan.mar.2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428689

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Data mining techniques expand access to important information for the decision-making process during health care. The objective the study proposes using data mining techniques to identify variables (surgical treatment protocols, patient characteristics, post-surgical complications) associated with fistulas after primary palatoplasty in patients with unilateral transforamen incisor cleft (UTIC). Method: A data set of 222 patients with UTIC without syndromes, operated by four surgeons with Furlow's or von Langenbeck's primary palatoplasty techniques, was analyzed for this study. Two models for detecting the outcome of surgery were induced using data mining techniques (Decision Tree and Apriori). Results: Five rules were selected from a decision tree pointing to some variables as predictors of fistulas associated with primary palatoplasty: infection, cough, hypernasality, and surgeon. Analysis of the model indicates that it correctly classifies 95.9% of occurrences between the absence and presence of fistulas. The second model indicates that the absence of post-surgical complications (infection and fever) and normal speech results (absent hypernasality, without suggestive of velopharyngeal dysfunction) are related to the absence of fistulas. Regarding surgical procedures, the Furlow technique and the Vomer flap were more frequent in patients with fistulas. Conclusion: Data mining techniques, as applied in the present study, pointed to infection and cough, hypernasality, and surgeon and surgical techniques as predictors of fistulas related to primary palatoplasty.


Introdução: As técnicas de mineração de dados ampliam o acesso a informações importantes para o processo de tomada de decisão durante os cuidados com a saúde. O objetivo do estudo propõe a utilização de técnicas de mineração de dados para identificar variáveis (protocolos de tratamento cirúrgico, características do paciente, intercorrências pós-cirúrgicas) associadas à ocorrência de fístulas após palatoplastia primária em pacientes com fissura transforame incisivo unilateral (FTIU). Método: Um conjunto de dados de 222 pacientes com FTIU sem síndromes, operados por quatro cirurgiões com as técnicas de palatoplastia primária de Furlow ou von Langenbeck, foi analisado para este estudo. Dois modelos para detecção do resultado da cirurgia foram induzidos usando técnicas de mineração de dados (Árvore de Decisão e Apriori). Resultados: Cinco regras foram selecionadas de uma árvore de decisão apontando para algumas variáveis como preditivas de fístulas associadas à palatoplastia primária: infecção, tosse, hipernasalidade, cirurgião. A análise do modelo indica que ele classifica corretamente 95,9% das ocorrências entre ausência e presença de fístulas. O segundo modelo indica que a ausência de intercorrências pós-cirúrgicas (infecção e febre) e resultado de fala normal (hipernasalidade ausente, sem sugestivo de disfunção velofaríngea) estão relacionados à ausência de fístulas. Em relação aos procedimentos cirúrgicos, o uso da técnica de Furlow e retalho de Vomer foram mais frequentes nos pacientes com fístulas. Conclusão: Técnicas de mineração de dados, conforme aplicadas no presente estudo, apontaram para infecção e tosse, presença de hipernasalidade, cirurgião e técnica cirúrgica como preditores de fístulas relacionadas à palatoplastia primária.

2.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 27(1): 3-9, Jan.-Mar. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421695

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Compensatory articulations are speech disorders due to the attempt of the individual with cleft palate/velopharyngeal dysfunction to generate intraoral pressure to produce high-pressure consonants. Speech therapy is the indicated intervention for their correction, and an intensive speech therapy meets the facilitating conditions for the correction of glottal stop articulation, which is the most common compensatory articulation. Objective To investigate the influence of an intensive speech therapy program (ISTP) to correct glottal stop articulation in the speech of individuals with cleft palate. Methods Speech recordings of 37 operated cleft palate participants of both genders (mean age = 19 years old) were rated by 3 experienced speech/language pathologists. Their task was to rate the presence and absence of glottal stops in the 6 Brazilian Portuguese occlusive consonants (p, b, t, d, k, g) distributed within several places in 6 sentences. Results Out of the 325 pretherapy target consonants rated with glottal stop, 197 (61%) remained with this error, and 128 (39%) no longer presented it. The comparison of the pre- and posttherapy results showed: a) a statical significance for the p1, p2, p3, p4, t1, k1, k2 and d6 consonants (McNemar test; p < 0.05); b) a statistical significance for the p consonant in relation to the k, b, d, g consonants and for the t consonant in relation to the b, d, and g consonants (chi-squared test; p < 0.05) in the comparison of the proportion improvement among the 6 occlusive consonants. Conclusion The ISTP influenced the correction of glottal stops in the speech of individuals with cleft palate.

3.
CoDAS ; 35(6): e20220069, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514021

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o efeito de um treinamento perceptivo-auditivo de fonoaudiólogas sem experiência na classificação da hipernasalidade de fala de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina e comparar a classificação da presença e grau de hipernasalidade realizadas dessas fonoaudiólogas (com a avaliação padrão-ouro), antes e depois do treinamento perceptivo-auditivo. Método Três fonoaudiólogas sem experiência analisaram 24 amostras de fala de alta pressão de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina, antes e depois de treinamento perceptivo-auditivo, usando escala de quatro pontos. As amostras de fala correspondiam a seis amostras de cada grau de hipernasalidade. Entre as análises, as fonoaudiólogas receberam treinamento perceptivo-auditivo. Houve acesso às amostras de referência e feedback de respostas corretas quanto ao grau de hipernasalidade no treinamento. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa na porcentagem geral de acertos entre os momentos antes e depois do treinamento perceptivo-auditivo. Houve associação e concordância significativa das três avaliadoras com avaliação padrão ouro após treinamento, com aumento da concordância para uma avaliadora (aumento de respostas corretas para os graus ausente e leve). A análise dicotômica dos dados mostrou aumento do índice de concordância Kappa dessa avaliadora. Houve aumento do índice concordância inter-avaliadores para hipernasalidade ausente, leve, e grave, porém sem significância estatística. Conclusão O treinamento perceptivo-auditivo não resultou em melhora significativa da classificação da hipernasalidade de fala pelas fonoaudiólogas sem experiência, embora a análise individual dos dados tenha mostrado que o treinamento favoreceu uma dessas avaliadoras. Novos estudos envolvendo treinamento perceptivo-auditivo gradual e mais extenso poderão favorecer a classificação da hipernasalidade de fala por fonoaudiólogos sem experiência.


ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the effect of auditory-perceptual training by inexperienced speech-language pathologists in the classification of hypernasality in individuals with cleft lip and palate and compare their classification of hypernasality individually, with the gold standard evaluation, before and after this training. Methods Three inexperienced speech-language pathologists used a four-point scale to assess 24 high-pressure speech samples from individuals with cleft lip and palate, before and after auditory-perceptual training. The speech samples corresponded to six samples of each degree of hypernasality. The speech-language pathologists received auditory-perceptual training during the assessments. They had access to anchor samples and immediate feedback of correct answers regarding the degree of hypernasality in training. Results There was no significant difference in the overall percentage of correct answers when comparing before and after the auditory-perceptual training. There was a significant association and agreement of the three evaluators with a gold standard evaluation after training, with an increase in agreement for a single evaluator for absent and mild degrees of hypernasality. The dichotomous analysis of the data showed an increase in the Kappa Index of Agreement of this evaluator. Although there was an increase in the Index of Agreement between evaluators for absent, mild, and severe hypernasality, this increase did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion The auditory-perceptual training provided did not result in a significant improvement in the hypernasality classification for the inexperienced speech-language pathologists, even though the individual data analysis showed that the training favored one of the evaluators. Further studies involving gradual and more extensive auditory-perceptual training may favor the classification of hypernasality by inexperienced SLPs.

4.
Rev. CEFAC ; 25(3): e10022, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431268

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the association between central auditory skills and speech disorders related to velopharyngeal dysfunction. Methods: forty-five children, with repaired non-syndromic cleft lip and palate or cleft lip only, aged 7-11 years old, were divided into three groups: G1 (n=15), children with hypernasality, nasal air emission, and compensatory articulations; G2 (n=15), children with hypernasality and nasal air emission, but without compensatory articulations; and G3 (n=15), children without hypernasality, nasal air emission, and compensatory articulations. The medical records of all participants were analyzed to verify the eligibility criteria and obtain speech assessments, and then, they were submitted to an assessment of central auditory skills. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive and chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. Results: G1 presented a higher occurrence of impairment in central auditory skills differing from the other groups, particularly in the temporal ordering and binaural integration skills. A significant difference was observed among groups in temporal ordering ability. No significant association was found between the use of specific types of compensatory articulations and impaired auditory skills. Conclusion: there was an association between changes in temporal ordering auditory skills and binaural integration in children with velopharyngeal dysfunction, regardless of the presence or type of compensatory articulation found.

5.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(2): 187-193, Mar.-Apr. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374725

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Individuals with cleft palate can present with velopharyngeal dysfunction after primary palatoplasty and require a secondary treatment due to insufficiency. In these cases, the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis can be used temporarily while awaiting secondary surgery. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the outcome of treatment of hypernasality with pharyngeal bulb prosthesis in patients with history of cleft palate presenting with velopharyngeal insufficiency after primary palatal surgery. We hypothesized that the use of the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis is an effective approach to eliminate hypernasality related to velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with cleft palate. Methods: Thirty speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (15 males and 15 females) with operated cleft palate, ages ranging from 6 to 14 years (mean: 9 years; SD = 1.87 years), participated in the study. All patients were fitted with a pharyngeal bulb prosthesis to manage velopharyngeal insufficiency while they were awaiting corrective surgery to be scheduled. Auditory-perceptual analysis of speech recorded in the conditions with and without pharyngeal bulb prosthesis were obtained from three listeners who rated the presence or absence of hypernasality for this study. Results: Seventy percent of the patients eliminated hypernasality while employing the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis, while 30% still presented with hypernasality. The comparison was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis is an effective approach to eliminate hypernasality related to velopharyngeal insufficiency.


Resumo Introdução: Indivíduos com fissura palatina podem apresentar disfunção velofaríngea após a palatoplastia primária e necessitam de um secundário devido à insuficiência velofaríngea. Nesses casos, o obturador faríngeo pode ser usado temporariamente enquanto se aguarda uma cirurgia secundária. Objetivo: Investigar o resultado do tratamento da hipernasalidade com o uso de obturador faríngeo em pacientes com histórico de fissura palatina que apresentam insuficiência velofaríngea após a palatoplastia primária. Nossa hipótese é que o uso do obturador faríngeo seja uma abordagem eficaz para eliminar a hipernasalidade relacionada à insuficiência velofaríngea em pacientes com fissura palatina Método: Participaram do estudo 30 indivíduos falantes do Português Brasileiro (15 homens e 15 mulheres) com fissura palatina operada, de 6 a 14 anos de idade (média: 9 anos; DP = 1,87 anos). Todos os pacientes receberam obturador faríngeo para o tratamento da insuficiência velofaríngea, enquanto aguardavam vaga para a cirurgia secundária. A análise perceptivo-auditiva da fala, realizada nas condições com e sem obturador faríngeo, foi realizada por três ouvintes, quanto à presença e ausência da hipernasalidade. Resultados: 70% dos pacientes eliminaram a hipernasalidade de fala com o uso do obturador faríngeo, enquanto 30% não eliminaram. A comparação foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O uso temporário do obturador faríngeo é uma abordagem efetiva para eliminar a hipernasalidade decorrente da insuficiência velofaríngea.


Subject(s)
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/surgery , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/etiology , Voice Disorders , Nose Diseases , Cleft Palate/surgery , Cleft Palate/complications , Prostheses and Implants , Speech , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. CEFAC ; 24(6): e8422, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406711

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the effectiveness of a pharyngeal bulb prosthesis to eliminate hypernasality in patients with operated cleft palate presenting with diagnosis of hypodynamic velopharynx. Methods: twenty patients with cleft palate, ages 11-40 years, presenting hypodynamic velopharynx participated in the study. Patients had their speech audio recorded twice, with and without prosthesis, simultaneously with nasometry. Three speech-pathologists rated the presence and absence of hypernasality. Perceptual and nasometric data without and with prosthesis were compared, using the McNemar Test (p<0.05). Results: three (15%) patients presented hypernasality without prosthesis and normal resonance with prosthesis, 3 (15%), normal resonance without prosthesis and hypernasality with prosthesis, 9 (45%), hypernasality without and with prosthesis, and 5 (25%), normal resonance in both conditions. Nasometry (≤27% cut off): 1 (5%), presented scores >27% without prosthesis and <27% with prosthesis, 2 (10%), scores <27% without prosthesis and >27% with prosthesis, 17 (85%), scores >27% in both conditions, and 1(5%), scores <27% in both conditions. The comparisons between the results were not significant (p=1.000). Conclusion: the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis alone is insufficient to eliminate hypernasality of patients presented with hypodynamic velopharynx. To this purpose, the combination between the prosthesis and speech therapy is required.

7.
CoDAS ; 34(6): e20210152, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364753

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose The present study is aimed towards determining and comparing normative nasalance scores in Chilean Spanish-speaking adult men and women. Methods 40 women (age range 18 to 35, X = 25.79, SD = 5.83) and 36 men (age range 18 to 35, X = 26.45, SD = 4.08) were invited to participate, all of them without any previous speech therapy, neurological pathologies, intellectual deficits, hearing loss, syndromes, or other diagnosed pathologies that could impact speech production. A study of proper velopharyngeal function was performed, using a perceptual resonance evaluation. Nasalance was determined using a model 6450 Nasometer, during the reading of three standardized speech samples in Spanish: a nasal passage (NP), an oronasal passage (ONP), and an oral passage (OP). Also, the nasalance distance was calculated. Genders were compared using Wilcoxon tests for independent samples. Results The NP presented the highest percentage of nasalance, with 52.13% (± 4.73), followed by the ONP with 25.38% (± 3.7), and finally the OP, which presented the lowest value of 14.15% (± 5.03). Meanwhile, nasalance distance was 37.98% (± 5.32). Finally, no significant differences were observed when comparing the nasalance between genders (p >0.05). Conclusion The nasalance values obtained were similar to those observed for other Spanish speakers. Also, male and women showed similar scores. The results of this study are a contribution to the indirect assessment of velopharyngeal function in Chilean adults.


RESUMEN Objetivo El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar y comparar puntajes normativos de nasalancia en hombres y mujeres chilenos de habla hispana. Método Participaron 40 mujeres (rango de edad de 18 a 35, X = 25.79, DE = 5.83) y 36 hombres (rango de edad de 18 a 35, X = 26.45, DE = 4.08), todos sin ningún antecedente de tratamiento fonoaudiológico, patologías neurológicas, déficit intelectual, hipoacusia, síndromes u otras patologías diagnosticadas que podrían afectar la producción del habla. La adecuada función velofaríngea fue determinada en vivo a través de una evaluación perceptual de la resonancia. La nasalancia se determinó utilizando un Nasometer modelo 6450, durante la lectura de tres muestras de habla estandarizadas en español: un párrafo nasal (PN), un párrafo oronasal (PON) y un párrafo oral (PO). Además, se calculó la distancia de nasalancia. La comparación entre ambos sexos fue realizada con el test de Wilcoxon para muestras independientes. Resultados El PN presentó el mayor porcentaje de nasalancia con 52.13% (± 4.73), seguido del PON con 25.38% (± 3.7), y finalmente el PO, que presentó el valor más bajo de 14.15% (± 5.03). En tanto, la distancia de nasalancia fue del 37.98% (± 5.32). Por último, no se observaron diferencias significativas al comparar entre ambos sexos (p> 0.05). Conclusión Los valores de nasalancia obtenidos fueron similares a los observados para otros hispanohablantes. Además, hombres y mujeres mostraron puntuaciones similares. Los resultados de este estudio son una contribución a la evaluación indirecta de la función velofaríngea en adultos chilenos.

8.
J. appl. oral sci ; 29: e20210320, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340108

ABSTRACT

Abstract During times of increasingly recognized importance of interprofessional practices, professionals in Medicine, Dentistry, and Speech Pathology areas cooperate to optimize treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), after primary palatoplasty for correction of cleft palate. Objective Our study aims to compare velar length, velar thickness, and depth of the nasopharynx of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with the presence, or absence, of hypernasality and nasal air emission; and to verify if the depth:length ratio, between nasopharynx and velum, would be predictive of consistent hypernasality and nasal air emission (speech signs of VPD). Methodology Cephalometric radiographs and outcome of speech assessment were obtained from 429 individuals, between 6 and 9 years of age, with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate. Velar length, velar thickness, depth of the nasopharynx, depth:length ratio, scores of hypernasality, and scores of nasal air emission were studied and compared; grouping the radiographs according to presence or absence of hypernasality and nasal air emission. Results For the group with speech signs of velopharyngeal dysfunction (those with consistent hypernasality and nasal air emission), the velums were shorter and thinner; the nasopharynx was deeper and the depth:length ratio was larger than the group without hypernasality and nasal air emission. Velar length was significantly shorter in individuals with consistent hypernasality and nasal air emission (p<0.001) and with history of palatal fistula (p=0.032). Depth of nasopharynx was significantly greater in individuals with consistent hypernasality and nasal air emission (p<0.001). Depthlength ratio was significantly larger in individuals with consistent hypernasality and nasal air emission (p<0.001). A depth:length ratio larger than 0.93 was always associated with speech signs of VPD. Conclusion Estimated with cephalometric radiographs, a depth:length ratio greater than 0.93, between the nasopharyngeal space and the velum, was 100% accurate in predicting hypernasality and nasal air emission after primary repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/etiology , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Cleft Lip/diagnostic imaging , Cleft Palate/surgery , Cleft Palate/diagnostic imaging , Palate, Soft , Speech , Cephalometry , Treatment Outcome
9.
Distúrb. comun ; 30(3): 490-499, set. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-994956

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estabelecer um banco de amostras de referência constituído por gravações de fala de indivíduos com história de fissura labiopalatina, julgadas, por múltiplos avaliadores, como representativas do uso da oclusiva glotal. Método: Três fonoaudiólogas experientes julgaram 480 frases compostas por sons oclusivos e fricativos, quanto à identificação da oclusiva glotal. As frases foram julgadas individualmente e aquelas que não apresentaram consenso inicial foram novamente julgadas de maneira simultânea pelas mesmas avaliadoras. As amostras julgadas com consenso pelas avaliadoras, com relação à presença ou ausência da oclusiva glotal durante a produção dos sons oclusivos e fricativos, foram selecionadas para estabelecer o banco de amostras de referência. Resultados: Os julgamentos realizados evidenciaram consenso das avaliadoras em 352 amostras. Destas, 120 frases eram representativas da produção adequada para os 12 sons de interesse e 232 eram representativas do uso da oclusiva glotal. Conclusão: Um banco de amostras de referência representativas da oclusiva glotal foi estabelecido a partir do consenso de avaliadores múltiplos. As amostras de referência poderão ser usadas em estudos futuros envolvendo treinamento de avaliadores e formação de fonoaudiólogos.


Objective: To establish anchor samples consisting of speech recordings of individuals with history of cleft lip and palate, rated by multiple evaluators as representative of the use of the glottal stop. Methods: A total of 480 phrases with plosive and fricative sounds were rated by three experienced speech language pathologist (SLPs) to identify use of glottal stops. The samples were rated individually and those without consensus regarding the use of glottal stops were rated simultaneously by the same evaluators. The samples rated with consensus by the evaluators, regarding the presence or absence of glottal stops during the production of plosive and fricative sounds, were selected to establish anchor samples representative of use of glottal stops. Results: A total of 352 samples were rated with consensus by all evaluators. Of these, 120 phrases were representative of the adequate place of production of plosive and fricative sounds and 232 were rated as representative of the use of the glottal stops. Conclusion: Anchor samples representative of presence and absence of glottal stops for plosive and fricative sounds were established with consensus between multiple evaluators. These anchor samples can be used in future studies involving training of evaluators and preparation of speech language pathologists.


Objetivo: Establecer un banco de muestras de referencia constituido por grabaciones de habla de individuos con historia de fisura labiopalatina, juzgadas por múltiples jueces, como representativas del uso de la oclusiva glótica. Método: Un total de 480 frases compuestas por sonidos oclusivos y fricativos fueron juzgados a respeto de la identificación de la oclusiva glótica, por tres fonoaudiólogas conexperiencia. Las frases fueron juzgadas individualmente y aquellas que no presentaron un consenso inicial fueron juzgadas nuevamente de manera simultánea por las mismas juezas. Las muestras juzgadas en consenso por las juezas, con relación a la presencia o ausencia del oclusiva glótica durante la producción de sonidos oclusivos y fricativos, fueron seleccionadas para establecer el banco de muestras de referencia. Resultados: Los juzgamientos realizados evidenciaron consenso de las juezas en 352 muestras. De estas, 120 frases eran representativas de la producción adecuada para los 12 sonidos de interés y 232 eran representativas del uso de la oclusiva glótica. Conclusión: Un banco de muestras de referencia representativas de la oclusiva glótica fue establecido a partir del consenso entre jueces múltiplos. Las muestras de referencia podrán ser usadas en futuros estudios envolviendo entrenamiento de jueces y preparo de fonoaudiólogos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Articulation Disorders , Speech Production Measurement , Cleft Palate , Glottis
10.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 37(1): 35-48, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050144

ABSTRACT

Introdução: durante a fonoterapia para alterações de fala na fissura labiopalatina, há necessidade de estratégias que motivem o paciente promovendo adesão ao tratamento. Aplicativos de dispositivos móveis são uma importante ferramenta para este fim. Objetivo: desenvolver um aplicativo que auxilie na execução dos treinos e o uso do novo padrão de fala de pacientes com fissura labiopalatina. Métodos: a criação e a execução de um aplicativo de dispositivo móvel foram planejadas pela equipe de Fonoaudiologia que elegeu as opções que auxiliariam no processo terapêutico como: cadastrar lista de exercícios, inserir alertas para uso do novo padrão de fala e apresentar lista dos exercícios realizados. Já a equipe de computação realizou elaborou e aprimorou o sistema, levantou e organizou requisitos iniciais e genéricos, planejou o desenvolvimento e uso dos recursos (hardware e software). Resultados: o aplicativo desenvolvido para o sistema android e foi denominado ''Fala nova, treino fácil''. Para sua utilização o paciente deve fazer download do aplicativo na "play store''. A primeira tela do aplicativo apresenta três ícones, sendo um de acesso apenas do terapeuta e dois de interesse do paciente, informando os exercícios a serem realizados e sua evolução. O fonoaudiólogo tem a opção de cadastrar cada exercício (frequência diária e semanal), cadastrar alarmes para lembrar o paciente de utilizar a nova fala, e checar o desempenho do paciente. Conclusão: o aplicativo possibilita o monitoramento dos treinos realizados fora do atendimento presencial, motivando o paciente a dar continuidade à prática da fala nova fora do ambiente de terapia.


Introduction: during cleft palate speech therapy there is a need for strategies that motivate the patient and promote adherence to treatment. Mobile apps are an important tool for this purpose. Objective: To develop an application to help execution of speech exercises fostering use of new speech patterns established during speech therapy in cleft lip and palate. Methods: the creation and execution of a mobile device application were planned by the Speech-Language-Pathology team, who proposed functions for the App that would help in the therapeutic process, including: registry of exercises, inserting alerts for use of the new speech and checklist of activities. The computer team developed and improved the system, raised and organized its requirements, planned the development and use of resources (hardware and software). Results: the application was developed for the Android system and has been called ''New Speech, Easy Training''. To access the App, the patient downloads the application in the play store in the Android system of his phone or tablet. The first screen presents three icons: one for the therapist and two for the patient, informing the exercises and their evolution. The therapist can register each exercise (daily and weekly frequency), can program alarms to remind the patient to use the new speech, and can check the patient's performance. Conclusion: the application favors monitoring patients' performance during the home practices, motivating the patient to continue the use of new speech outside the therapy environment.


Subject(s)
Cleft Lip , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences
11.
CoDAS ; 29(5): e20160084, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890795

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the speech of a patient with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) and severe speech disorders before and after participating in an Intensive Speech Therapy Program (ISTP). Methods The ISTP consisted of two daily sessions of therapy over a 36-week period, resulting in a total of 360 therapy sessions. The sessions included the phases of establishment, generalization, and maintenance. A combination of strategies, such as modified contrast therapy and speech sound perception training, were used to elicit adequate place of articulation. The ISTP addressed correction of place of production of oral consonants and maximization of movement of the pharyngeal walls with a speech bulb reduction program. Therapy targets were addressed at the phonetic level with a gradual increase in the complexity of the productions hierarchically (e.g., syllables, words, phrases, conversation) while simultaneously addressing the velopharyngeal hypodynamism with speech bulb reductions. Results Re-evaluation after the ISTP revealed normal speech resonance and articulation with the speech bulb. Nasoendoscopic assessment indicated consistent velopharyngeal closure for all oral sounds with the speech bulb in place. Conclusion Intensive speech therapy, combined with the use of the speech bulb, yielded positive outcomes in the rehabilitation of a clinical case with severe speech disorders associated with velopharyngeal dysfunction in Pierre Robin Sequence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Speech Therapy/methods , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Pierre Robin Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/therapy , Cleft Palate , Endoscopy
12.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 82(3): 326-333, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785814

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Perceptual evaluation is considered the gold standard to evaluate speech nasality. Several procedures are used to collect and analyze perceptual data, which makes it susceptible to errors. Therefore, there has been an increasing desire to find methods that can improve the assessment. OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the results of speech nasality obtained by assessments of live speech, the Test of Hypernasality (THYPER), assessments of audio recorded speech, and nasometry. METHODS: A retrospective study consisting of 331 patients with operated unilateral cleft lip and palate. Speech nasality was assessed by four methods of assessment: live perceptual judgement, THYPER, audio-recorded speech sample judgement by multiple judges, and nasometry. All data were collected from medical records of patients, with the exception of the speech sample recording assessment, which was carried out by multiple judges. RESULTS: The results showed that the highest percentages of absence of hypernasality were obtained from judgements performed live and from the THYPER, with equal results between them (79%). Lower percentages were obtained from the recordings by judges (66%) and from nasometry (57%). CONCLUSION: The best results among the four speech nasality evaluation methods were obtained for the ones performed live (live nasality judgement by a speech pathologist and THYPER).


Resumo Introdução: A avaliação perceptiva é considerada padrão-ouro para avaliar a nasalidade de fala. Vários procedimentos são utilizados para coletar e analisar os dados percebidos, o que a torna suscetível a erros. Por isso, há uma preocupação crescente na procura de métodos que possam aperfeiçoá-la. Objetivo: Descrever e comparar os resultados da nasalidade de fala obtidos por meio de julgamento ao vivo, Teste de Hipernasalidade (THIPER), julgamento de gravações por juízes e nasometria. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 331 pacientes com fissura labiopalatina unilateral operada. Foi realizada a análise dos resultados do julgamento da nasalidade ao vivo e por meio de gravações por juízes, do THIPER e da nasometria. Os dados foram coletados do prontuário dos pacientes, com exceção do julgamento das gravações das amostras de fala, que foi realizado por juízes múltiplos. Resultados: Foram obtidas porcentagens mais altas de ausência de hipernasalidade no julgamento ao vivo e no THIPER, com resultados iguais entre ambas (79%). Porcentagens menores de ausência de hipernasalidade foram obtidas no julgamento das gravações por juízes (66%) e para a nasometria (57%). Conclusão: Os melhores resultados entre as quatro modalidades de avaliação da nasalidade de fala foram obtidos para as realizadas ao vivo (julgamento por um fonoaudiólogo e THIPER).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Voice Quality , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Cleft Lip/physiopathology , Cleft Palate/physiopathology , Speech Production Measurement/methods , Voice Disorders/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Cleft Lip/complications , Cleft Palate/complications , Nasal Cavity
13.
Rev. CEFAC ; 18(2): 449-458, mar.-abr. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-781480

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar os valores de nasalância em amostras de fala com e sem o uso de fricativa faríngea e, também, com e sem hipernasalidade. Métodos: um total de 840 amostras de fala foi analisado neste estudo. As amostras foram julgadas por três juízas experientes por consenso quanto aos aspectos hipernasalidade e fricativa faríngea. Os julgamentos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: G1: 255 amostras de fala julgadas como representativas de hipernasalidade; G2: 130 amostras julgadas como representativas do uso de fricativa faríngea e hipernasalidade; G3: 280 amostras julgadas como representativas de fala normal em falantes com história de fissura labiopalatina; G4: 175 amostras julgadas como representativas de fala normal em falantes sem história de fissura labiopalatina. Para análise dos dados foi utilizando o teste Kruskal-Wallis e quando houve diferença estatisticamente significante foi aplicado o teste Dunn's para comparar os grupos aos pares. Resultados: os julgamentos aferidos por consenso pelas três juízas permitiram a identificação de amostras representativas do uso de fricativa faríngea e da presença e ausência de hipernasalidade. Foram estabelecidos valores de nasalância (média e desvio padrão) para cada grupo e observou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com alteração de fala (G1 e G2) e aqueles sem alteração (G3 e G4). A diferença entre o grupo com hipernasalidade (G1) e o grupo com FF (G2) não foi significante. Conclusão: o uso de FF não influenciou significantemente os valores de nasalância para a amostra estudada.


ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare nasalance scores between speech samples with and without pharyngeal fricative and with and without hypernasality. Methods: a total of 840 speech samples was analyzed in this study. The samples were rated by three experienced judges with consensus regarding the aspects of hypernasality and pharyngeal fricative. The ratings were distributed into 4 groups: G1: 255 samples rated as representative of presence of hypernasality; G2: 130 samples rated as representative of use of pharyngeal fricative and hypernasality; G3: 280 samples rated as representative of normal speech for speakers with history of cleft palate; G4: 175 samples rated as representative of normal speech for speakers without history of cleft palate. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis test and when significant the Dunn's test was used to compared pairs of data. Results: the ratings established with agreement between the 3 experienced judges allowed for the identification of the samples representative of use of pharyngeal fricative and hypernasal speech. Nasalance scores were establish for each group revealing a significant difference between groups G1+G2 (representative of speech errors) and groups G3+G4 (representative of normal speech). The difference between the group with hypernasality (G1) and the group with pharyngeal fricative (G2) was not significant. Conclusion: the use of pharyngeal fricative did not influence significantly the nasalance values obtained for the studied sample.

14.
CoDAS ; 28(1): 10-16, jan.-fev. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-779118

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir a elaboração e a avaliação de material multimídia, destinado à orientação dos cuidadores de bebês com fissura labiopalatina, mais especificamente orientação sobre a velofaringe, palatoplastia primária e fala com relação às fissuras labiopalatinas. Métodos: A elaboração do material envolveu interdisciplinarmente as áreas de Fonoaudiologia, Odontologia e Arte. Permeados por princípios da arte-educação, houve definição e execução dos seguintes aspectos: caracterização do público alvo, caracterização do conteúdo, identificação e elaboração de ilustrações didáticas, caracterização da abordagem educacional, elaboração do texto/narração, definição da sequência audiovisual e conversão em vídeo. A avaliação do material foi conduzida com a participação de 41 cuidadores de pacientes com fissura labiopalatina e envolveu a comparação dos conhecimentos dos participantes por meio de um roteiro avaliativo, aplicado antes e depois da apresentação do material. Resultados : Ocorreu aumento para as respostas corretas referentes ao papel da velofaringe e a importância da palatoplastia primária na fala. Conclusão: O material multimídia mostrou-se efetivo na otimização dos conhecimentos dos cuidadores, sugerindo a relevância de seu papel em momentos de orientação.


ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the process of elaboration and evaluation of multimedia material for caregivers about velopharynx, speech, and primary palatoplasty in babies with cleft lip and palate. Methods: The elaboration of the material involved an interdisciplinary relationship between the fields of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Dentistry and Arts. The definition and execution of the following activities were based on the principles of art education involving the following: characterization of audience, characterization of content, identification and elaboration of illustrations, characterization of educational approach, elaboration of text and narratives, definition of audiovisual sequence, and video preparation. The material was evaluated with the participation of 41 caregivers of patients with cleft lip and palate involving the comparison between acquired knowledge using an evaluation script applied before and after presenting the material. Results: An increase was observed in correct responses regarding the role of velopharynx and the importance of primary palatoplasty for speech. Conclusions: The multimedia was effective in optimizing the knowledge of caregivers, suggesting the importance of such material during orientation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Caregivers/education , Health Education/methods , Multimedia , Teaching Materials , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
15.
CoDAS ; 27(4): 365-371, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-760409

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the nasoendoscopic findings related to the velopharyngeal gap among patients with cleft palate who underwent the Furlow (F) technique and those who underwent the von Langenbeck (vL) technique for primary palatal surgery, who remained with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).METHODS: The analyzed data were retrieved from the institution's data of recordings of nasoendoscopic exams. The sample comprised 70 recorded nasoendoscopic exams obtained from 22 patients who underwent the F technique and from 48 who underwent the vL technique during primary palatoplasty, who remained with VPI after surgery and were submitted to nasoendoscopy, between the ages of 5 and 15 years (mean age: 8 years), for definition of the best treatment for VPI. The images were edited into a DVD in a randomized sequence to be assessed by three experienced speech language pathologists regarding displacement and excursion of the soft palate; displacement and excursion of lateral pharyngeal's walls; displacement and excursion of the posterior pharyngeal's wall; and presence of the Passavant ridge and size and type of velopharyngeal gap.RESULTS: The results of the comparison of measurements between F and vL groups were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: The surgical technique used in primary palatoplasty was not relevant to determine the difference in the size of the velopharyngeal gap for patients who maintained VPI.


OBJETIVO: Comparar os achados nasoendoscópicos relacionados ao gapvelofaríngeo entre pacientes com fissura labiopalatina operados do palato pela técnica de Furlow (F) e aqueles operados pela de Von Langenbeck (vL) que permaneceram com insuficiência velofaríngea (IVF).MÉTODOS: Os dados analisados foram coletados do banco de gravações de exames de nasoendoscopia da instituição. A amostra foi constituída por 70 gravações de nasoendoscopia obtidas de 22 pacientes operados do palato pela técnica de F e de 48 pela de vL, que permaneceram com IVF e que foram submetidos à nasoendoscopia para definição de conduta para correção da IVF, entre as idades de 5e 15 anos (média: 8 anos). As imagens foram editadas em sequência aleatória em um DVD e julgadas por três fonoaudiólogas experientes quanto ao movimento e deslocamento do véu palatino; ao movimento e descolamento das paredes laterais da faringe; ao movimento e deslocamento da parede posterior da faringe; à ocorrência da prega de Passavant e ao tamanho e tipo do gapvelofaríngeo.RESULTADOS: Os resultados quanto à comparação das medidas entre as técnicas cirúrgicas (F versusvL) não foram estatisticamente significantes.CONCLUSÃO: A técnica cirúrgica utilizada na palatoplastia primária não foi relevante para determinar diferença no tamanho do gapvelofaríngeo para os pacientes que permaneceram com IVF.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Cleft Palate/surgery , Endoscopy , Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Palate, Soft/surgery , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/surgery , Cleft Palate/physiopathology , Palate, Soft/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome
16.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 20(1): 48-55, Jan-Mar/2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-745772

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Descrever os resultados da nasalidade de fala de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina e comparar os achados de nasalidade estabelecidos por meio do julgamento perceptivo-auditivo realizado ao vivo com os achados estabelecidos por análise de gravações por juízes, em dois tipos de amostras de fala. Métodos O estudo envolveu a análise retrospectiva dos resultados de avaliações perceptivo-auditivas da nasalidade de fala realizadas ao vivo por uma fonoaudióloga e o julgamento prospectivo, por consenso de juízas de 100 gravações de amostras de fala, obtidas durante a produção de dois conjuntos de estímulos de fala: um com consoantes de alta pressão (CAP, n=100) e outro com consoantes de baixa pressão (CBP, n=100). Os dados pertenciam a pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 5 e 12 anos, que tiveram a fissura labiopalatina operada por um mesmo cirurgião. Resultados A ausência de hipernasalidade foi constatada em 69% dos julgamentos ao vivo. Quando presente, a hipernasalidade leve foi constatada em 23% dos casos, enquanto a hipernasalidade moderada em 8%. Para os julgamentos das amostras gravadas, 50% foram identificadas com hipernasalidade durante a produção das amostras CAP e 62% durante a das amostras CBP. Diferença significativa foi encontrada entre o resultado do julgamento ao vivo e o julgamento pelas juízas nas amostras CAP. A concordância entre as modalidades de avaliação variou de 79% para as amostras CAP e 80% para as amostras CBP, sendo considerada moderada. Conclusão O julgamento perceptivo ao vivo da nasalidade de fala pode detectar melhor a ausência de hipernasalidade, seguida pela hipernasalidade de grau leve, em comparação com o julgamento realizado por juízes múltiplos, a partir de amostras gravadas. Contudo, tem a desvantagem de os dados não poderem ser reproduzidos, nem quantificados, nem compartilhados por outros membros da equipe. .


Purpose To describe the results of speech nasality of individuals with cleft lip and palate, and to compare auditory-perceptual judgments of nasality between live ratings and multiple judges ratings of recorded speech, for two sets of speech stimuli. Methods The study involved the retrospective analysis of the results of auditory-perceptual assessments of speech nasality performed live by a single speech-language pathologist and a prospective judgment of 100 recordings of speech samples obtained during production of two sets of speech stimuli: one with high pressure consonants (HPC, n=100) and another with low pressure consonants (LPC, n=100). The data belonged to patients, of both genders, with ages between 5 and 12 years, with cleft lip and palate operated by the same surgeon. Results The absence of hypernasality was found for 69% of the patients during live assessment. When present, mild hypernasality was found for 23% and moderate for 8% of the patients. For judge ratings of recorded samples, 50% was identified as hypernasal during production of samples with high pressure consonants, and 62% for the samples with low pressure consonants. A statistically significant difference was found between the live perceptual judgments and judges’ ratings of the recorded samples only for the stimuli with high pressure consonants. The agreement between the methods of assessment was 79% for HPC samples and 80% for LPC samples, within the moderate range. Conclusion Live perceptual judgment of speech nasality revealed higher occurrence of absence of hypernasality followed by presence of mild hypernasality, when compared to multiple judges of recorded samples. The live clinical assessment of speech, however, has the disadvantage that the data may not be reproduced, quantified or shared by other team members. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Auditory Perception , Cleft Palate/diagnosis , Speech Disorders , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency , Retrospective Studies , Voice Quality
17.
Rev. CEFAC ; 16(6): 1936-1944, Nov-Dec/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-736254

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: estabelecer a correlação entre medidas de nasalância e de nasalidade de fala apresentada por crianças com fissura labiopalatina operada. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo, em que as gravações de áudio de frases produzidas por 79 crianças (idade média 6,5 anos) falantes do português brasileiro foram julgadas auditivamente por três fonoaudiólogas. Medidas de nasalância obtidas simultaneamente às gravações áudio também foram analisadas. As amostras de fala incluíram duas frases, uma constituída por [p] e outra por [b], em recorrência. A concordância interjuízes foi obtida para as 158 frases (78,5% para [p] e 93,5% para [b]). A concordância intrajuízes também foi verificada para as frases duplicadas (82% para [p] e 86% para [b]). Os fonoaudiólogos classificaram individualmente a nasalidade de fala das 158 frases utilizando uma escala de 4 pontos. Valores de nasalância destas mesmas frases foram calculados. Os valores médios da nasalidade de fala foram correlacionados como os escores de nasalância. RESULTADOS : valores médios de 1,53 e 1,52 (indicativo de hipernasalidade leve) foram obtidos para as frases [p] e [b], a partir dos julgamentos perceptivos. Os valores médios de nasalânciaforam 32% (frase [p]) e 39% (frase [b]). Embora significantes, houve correlação baixa entre nasalidade e nasalância paraas duas frases (/p/;r= 0,31 p=0,004e /b/; r= 0,37 p=0,0007). CONCLUSÃO: quando classificada como leve, a hipernasalidade de fala apresentada por crianças com fissura labiopalatinapode desfavorecer entre nasalância e nasalidade. Estímulos de fala mais longos e amostras representativas de graus mais elevados de hipernasalidade são recomendados para futuros estudos. .


PURPOSE: to correlate nasalance scores and speech nasality of operated unilateral cleft lip and palate children. METHODS: this prospective study involved auditory perceptual identification of nasality by three experienced speech-language pathologists who judged recorded phrases produced by 79 children (mean age of 6y5m), all speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Nasalance measures obtained simultaneously to audio recordings were also analyzed. The speech samples included two sentences, one with [p] and another with [b] sounds. Inter-judgment agreement for the total (N=158) phrases judged by the speech-language pathologists was obtained (78.5% for [p] and 93.5% for [b]). Intra-judgment agreement for duplicated sentences was 82% for [p] and 86% for b] sounds. The speech-language pathologists were then instructed to judge individually speech nasality of the 178 phrases using a 4 points scale. Nasalance scores for these 158 phrases were then obtained. Mean speech nasality and nasalance scores were correlated. RESULTS: mean values of 1.53 and 1.52 (indicative of mild hypernasality) were obtained for the [p] and [b] phrases, respectively, from perceptual judgments. Mean nasalance scores were 32% ([p] phrase) e 39% ([b] phrase). Although significant, low correlation was found between speech nasality and nasalance scores for the two investigated phrases ([p]; r= 0,31; p=0,004; [b]; r= 0,37;p=0,0007). CONCLUSION: mild hypernasality as identified in the speech of children with cleft palate may disfavor correlation findings between speech nasality and nasalance scores. Longer speech stimuli and samples including higher degrees of hypernasality are recommended for future studies. .

18.
CoDAS ; 26(5): 395-401, 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727069

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study obtained nasalance scores during use of compensatory articulation (CA) and compared nasalance between groups with and without hypernasality and with and without CA. Methods: Speech samples were obtained from 43 individuals with and without velopharyngeal dysfunction during repetition of 20 phrases originating 860 audio recordings and their respective nasometric values. After excluding 143 recordings due to low quality, the remaining 717 samples were rated by three speech language pathologists (SLPs), independently, for presence or absence of hypernasality and CA. Nasalance scores for the 553 samples rated with 100% agreement among the SLPs were grouped according to the auditory-perceptual ratings: Group 1 (G1) - included samples without hypernasality and without CA (n=191); Group2 (G2) - included samples with hypernasality and without CA (n=288); Group 3 (G3) - included samples with hypernasality and with pharyngeal fricative (n=33); Group 4 (G4) - included samples with hypernasality and with glottal stop (n=41). Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant difference nasalance scores which were significantly higher for G2, G3, and G4 (p<0.0001) when compared to G1. The use of pharyngeal fricative (G3), particularly during /f/ (p=0.0018) and /s/ (p=0.0017) productions resulted in nasalance scores significantly higher than scores found for G2. Conclusion: Significantly higher nasalance values where identified during use of pharyngeal fricative.


Objetivo: Este estudo obteve medidas de nasalância durante a produção de articulação compensatória (AC) e comparou a nasalância entre grupos com e sem hipernasalidade e com e sem AC. Métodos: As amostras de fala foram obtidas a partir de 43 indivíduos com e sem disfunção velofaríngea durante a repetição de 20 frases, originando um total de 860 gravações e respectivos valores nasométricos. Foram excluídas 143 gravações devido à baixa qualidade e as 717 amostras restantes foram avaliadas por três fonoaudiólogas, de forma independente, quanto à presença ou ausência de hipernasalidade e AC. As 553 amostras julgadas com 100% de concordância entre as fonoaudiólogas foram agrupadas de acordo com o julgamento perceptivo-auditivo: Grupo 1 (G1) - amostras sem hipernasalidade e sem AC (n=191); Grupo 2 (G2) - amostras com hipernasalidade e sem AC (n=288); Grupo 3 (G3) - amostras com hipernasalidade e com fricativa faríngea (n=33); Grupo 4 (G4) - amostras com hipernasalidade e com oclusiva glotal (n=41). Resultados: Análise de variância (ANOVA) revelou medidas de nasalância significativamente maiores para G2, G3 e G4 (p<0,0001) quando comparados ao G1. O uso de fricativa faríngea (G3), particularmente durante /f/ (p=0,0018) e /s/ (p=0,0017) resultou em valores de nasalância significativamente maiores que os valores encontrados para G2. Conclusão: Valores de nasalância significativamente mais elevados foram encontrados durante produção de fricativa faríngea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Voice Quality , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Cleft Palate/rehabilitation , Pharynx , Speech Production Measurement , Speech-Language Pathology , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Voice Disorders/physiopathology
19.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 19(3): 222-229, 09/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722596

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Verificar a concordância entre os resultados dos Testes de Emissão de Ar Nasal e de Hipernasalidade e os achados do exame de videofluorocopia no diagnóstico da disfunção velofaríngea, em indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina. Métodos A amostra foi constituída por 89 exames de videofluoroscopia e 89 escores dos Testes de Emissão de Ar Nasal e de Hipernasalidade, interpretados como fechamento velofaríngeo consistente, ou como fechamento velofaríngeo inconsistente, ou ainda, como não fechamento velofaríngeo. Foram calculadas a sensibilidade, a especificidade e a concordância entre a interpretação dos achados dos testes perceptivos e os achados da videofluoroscopia. Resultados Foram encontrados índices de sensibilidade e especificidade de 98% e 37%, respectivamente, para o Teste de Emissão de Ar Nasal e de 96% e 63%, respectivamente, para o Teste de Hipernasalidade. As porcentagens de concordância entre os escores do Teste de Emissão de Ar Nasal e os exames de videofluoroscopia e entre os escores do Teste de Hipernasalidade e os exames de videofluoroscopia, para a categoria fechamento velofaríngeo consistente, foram de 62% e 70%, respectivamente, de 43% e 47%, para a de fechamento velofaríngeo inconsistente, respectivamente, e de 68% e 77%, para a de não fechamento velofaríngeo, respectivamente. Conclusão Houve um bom nível de concordância entre os testes perceptivos e os exames de videofluoroscopia para as categorias fechamento velofaríngeo consistente e não fechamento velofaríngeo, mas não para a de fechamento velofaríngeo inconsistente. .


Purpose To determine the agreement between the results of the Nasal Air Emission and Hypernasality tests and the videofluoroscopy findings in the diagnosis of velopharyngeal dysfunction in individuals with cleft lip and palate. Methods The sample consisted of 89 scores of Nasal Air Emission and Hypernasality tests and 89 judgments of videofluoroscopy recordings, which were interpreted as consistent velopharyngeal closure, or as inconsistent velopharyngeal closure, or as non velopharyngeal closure. The sensitivity, specificity and agreement between the interpretation of the results of the perceptual tests and the findings of the videofluoroscopy were calculated. Results The rates found for sensitivity of Nasal Air Emission and Hypernasality tests were 98% and 96%, respectively, and the rates for specificity of Nasal Air Emission and Hypernasality tests were 37% and 63%, respectively. Regarding the percentages of agreement between the Nasal Air Emission test scores and the videofluoroscopy judgments, it was found an agreement of 62% for the consistent velopharyngeal closure condition, 43% for the inconsistent velopharyngeal closure, and 68% for the non velopharyngeal closure. Between the scores of Hypernasality test and videofluoroscopy judgments the agreement found was 70% for the consistent velopharyngeal closure condition, 47% for the inconsistent velopharyngeal closure and 77% for the non velopharyngeal closure. Conclusion There was a good level of agreement between the perceptual tests and the videofluoroscopy judgments for the consistent velopharyngeal closure and non velopharyngeal closure conditions, but not for the inconsistent velopharyngeal closure. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Cleft Palate , Fluoroscopy/methods , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Auditory Perception , Speech Therapy
20.
Rev. CEFAC ; 16(4): 1222-1230, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-724047

ABSTRACT

Objetivo investigar se o ceceio, quando identificado, difere entre as fricativas alveolares não vozeadas e vozeadas produzidas por crianças com fissura labiopalatina operada. Métodos estudo prospectivo, em que frases constituídas pelas consoantes [s] e [z] produzidas por 32 crianças com fissura labiopalatina operada (idade média, 8 anos, 8 meses) foram selecionadas de um banco de dados e posteriormente julgadas auditivamente. Todas as crianças apresentavam relação inter-arcos alteradas, conforme avaliação ortodôntica realizada por três ortodontistas (concordância inter-juiz quase perfeita, kappa= 0.81), a partir da análise de modelos de gesso. Três fonoaudiólogas julgaram auditivamente as produções áudio gravadas. A concordância inter-juízes variou entre 56% e 78% e entre 59% e 93% para as frases constituídas de [s] e [z], respectivamente. Resultados o ceceio foi identificado em 69% das crianças e, particularmente, em 72% e 50% das produções envolvendo [s] e [z], respectivamente. Houve diferença significante entre os julgamentos para as fricativas [s] e [z], com maior ocorrência de ceceio em [s]. Conclusões deformidades dentofaciais podem favorecer a ocorrência do ceceio na população com fissura labiopalatina. A maior ocorrência do ceceio em [s] em comparação à [z], a partir da identificação auditiva, pode ser justificado por razões acústicas e/ou articulatórias. Sugere-se que o ceceio é dependente do contexto fonético-fonológico da frase devendo o mesmo ser considerado para fins clínicos e de pesquisa. .


Purpose to investigate whether lisp, when identified, differs between voiced and unvoiced alveolar fricatives produced by children with cleft palate. Methods a prospective study in which sentences comprising the consonants [s] and [z] produced by 32 children with cleft palate (mean age, 8 years, 8 months) were selected and after auditory judged. All children presented altered inter-relationship arches as evaluated by three orthodontists (inter-judge agreement almost perfect kappa = 0.81), performing analysis of dental casts. Three Speech-Language-Pathologists judged perceptually audio recorded productions. The inter-judges agreement ranged between 56% and 78% and between 59% and 93% for the phrases consisting of [s] and [z], respectively. Results the lisp was identified in 69% of children, particularly, in 72% and 50% [s] and [z] sounds, respectively. There were significant differences between judgments for the fricatives [s] and [z], with higher prevalence of lisping in [s]. Conclusions dentofacial deformities may favor the occurrence of lisp in population with cleft palate. The increased occurrence of lisp in [s] compared to [z], based on auditory perceptual identification, can be justified by acoustic and / or articulatory reasons. It is suggested that lisp is dependent of the phonetic-phonological context of the sentence and therefore must be considered for clinical and research purposes. .

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